<p>St. Thomas Episcopal Church is a historic church located at the southeast corner of Main and Focer streets in the borough of Glassboro in Gloucester County, New Jersey. It was built in 1846 and documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1937, with an addendum in 1984. It added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1975, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1846 featuring Gothic Revival architecture and designed by architect John Notman, one of his earliest projects. It was constructed using local ironstone and has an entry tower that is three stories high. The cornerstone was laid by Bishop George Washington Doane.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Greenwich Friends Meetinghouse, also known as the Mickleton Friends Meetinghouse, is located at 413 Kings Highway in the Mickleton section of the township of East Greenwich in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The Friends meeting house was built in 1799 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1997, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The meetinghouse is a two-story building constructed using red brick and featuring Federal architecture. On August 15, 1799, Samuel Mickle sold 1.5 acre to the Quakers for one dollar. The meetinghouse was completed later that year. An annex was built in 1919. The meetinghouse was renovated in Colonial Revival style by architect Vincent Kling in 1942.</p><br>
<p>The Woodbury Friends&#39; Meetinghouse is located at 120 North Broad Street in the city of Woodbury in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The Friends meeting house was built in 1715 and was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1936. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1973, for its significance in architecture and religion.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The western side of the meetinghouse was built in 1715 and the eastern side in 1785. The two-story building is constructed using red brick, with Flemish bond and glazed brick on the western side. It was used by the Quakers in the Woodbury area, including the Whitall family. During the American Revolutionary War, it was used as a barracks by the British Army and as a hospital after the Battle of Red Bank in 1777.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Innocents was an Episcopal church at Willow Avenue and 6th Street in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The congregation was founded in 1872. It was built 1885 to the designs of Edward Tuckerman Potter and Henry Vaughan. The choir was added in 1913, the baptistery in 1932. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is no longer in use as a church but the building remains.</p><br>
<p>St. Anthony of Padua Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church in The Village section of Jersey City. It is best known for its former school and its boys&#39; basketball program coached by Bob Hurley, Sr.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to church&#39;s construction, Polish parishioners in Jersey City had to take a ferry across to New York City to attend. The church was built in 1892 to serve what is now the oldest Polish-speaking parish in New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>For much of its modern history it has been known for its former school, St. Anthony High School, and its historic basketball program coached by Bob Hurley, Sr.</p><br>
<p>St. Patrick&#39;s Parish and Buildings is a historic church on Grand Street, Ocean and Bramhall avenues in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. It was built in 1868 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The stained glass windows in the church were destroyed in the Black Tom explosion of 1916.</p><br>
<p>The church appears in the HBO crime drama The Sopranos four times, standing in for a church in Newark in the pilot, season threes "Another Toothpick," season fours "Watching Too Much Television," and season six&#39;s "The Ride."</p><br>
<p>The Locktown Baptist Church is a historic stone church located at 323 Locktown-Sergeantsville Road in the Locktown section of Delaware Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. It was built in 1819 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 15, 1974, for its significance in architecture and religion.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The Kingwood Baptist Congregation was organized on July 27, 1745, in Baptistown. The Locktown church was known as the Lower Church, as compared to the Baptistown church. In 1819, the congregation built this two-story fieldstone church south of the Wickecheoke Creek on land from Daniel Rittenhouse. The first pastor, David Bateman, died in 1832 and is buried under the church floor.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Episcopal Church is a historic church in Alexandria Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey near Pittstown and is one of the oldest churches in the county. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1977, for its significance in architecture and religion. The church was featured as a set in Sarah Jessica Parker&#39;s movie debut, the 1983 film Somewhere Tomorrow.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The present one and one-half story stone church replaced a log or frame church that was built as early as the 1720s. That church was replaced in 1768 by the present church&#39;s stone walls, though the church was not completed until after the American Revolution, around 1790. It was repaired in 1875 and remains in use.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church is located at 600 Rahway Avenue in Woodbridge Township of Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The congregation was founded in 1675. The main part of the church building was completed in 1803. The property, listed as the First Presbyterian Church and Cemetery, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 2008, for its significance in art, politics/government, and religion.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The oldest headstone in the churchyard cemetery dates from 1690.</p><br>
<p>The Old School Baptist Church and Cemetery is located at 64—66 Main Street in the borough of South River in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The historic frame church was built in 1805 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 1992, for its significance in art and religion. From 1923 until 1979, the building was used as a library, the South River War Memorial Free Public Library.</p><br>
<p>Poile Zedek Synagogue was a historic synagogue at 145 Neilson Street in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1901 by a group of merchants in downtown New Brunswick&#39;s Hiram Market district. Originally named the Independent Sick and Death Benefit Association of New Brunswick, the congregation moved to its current location in 1905 and at some point began using the name Poile Zedek ("Workers of Righteousness").</p><br>
<p>On Friday afternoon, October 23, 2015, a massive fire broke out in the synagogue, gutting the building. The fire is believed to be accidental.</p><br>
<p>In 2021, a 12-unit apartment building named The Lofts at Neilson Crossings was constructed within the preserved exterior walls of the former synagogue.</p><br>
<h2>2008 cemetery vandalism</h2><br>
<p>In January 2008, almost 500 gravestones at Poile Zedek&#39;s cemetery (also used by Congregation Etz Ahaim, a Sephardic congregation founded by Jews from Salonica) were damaged in an incident of vandalism. Four local teenagers were charged and later sentenced to probation and community service in a juvenile court proceeding.</p><br>
<h2>2015 fire</h2><br>
<p>According to police, a large fire broke out on the first floor of the synagogue on October 23, 2015 at around 4:30 p.m., destroying all but the exterior of the building. One Sefer Torah was rescued by the rabbi before the roof collapsed. According to the congregation&#39;s rabbi, the external structure remains sound and the building may eventually be repaired. Religious documents and scripts damaged by the fire were later buried in the affiliated cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Saint Peter the Apostle Church is a historic Roman Catholic church at 94 Somerset Street in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<p>Originally, St. Peter&#39;s, the first Catholic church in New Brunswick was on Bayard Street consisted mostly of Irish Catholics, and was set up in 1829.</p><br>
<p>The newer church building was built in 1865 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 25, 2005, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded visit of a Catholic priest to New Brunswick occurred in 1825, when a Fr. McDonough who was traveling from New York to Philadelphia stopped to visit a Catholic family here. That same year, Father John Powers, from St. Peters Parish in New York City, came and celebrated Mass. He began offering Mass here monthly, first in a private home and then in a large room over a wheelwrights shop on George Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1829, the Bishop of New York, John Dubois, sent Father Joseph Schneller to continue the monthly visits to New Brunswick. Bishop Dubois erected St. Peter & Paul Parish in 1829, and a simple brick church was built on Bayard Street in New Brunswick in 1831, although not without difficulty. Anti-Catholic sentiment made it necessary for Father Schneller to use creative means to obtain land for the new church. In 1833, Father Bernard McArdle became the first resident pastor in New Brunswick, and it was during his tenure that the New Brunswick Tornado of June 19, 1835 partially destroyed the church, which remained in use after being closed up with boards.</p><br>
<p>Father John Rogers, an Irishman who came to America and became a priest at the invitation of Bishop Dubois, after meeting him in Dublin during the 1820s, became the first permanent resident pastor in 1845. In addition to his legendary pastoral zeal, Father Rogers is rightly considered the “founding pastor” of St. Peters as we know it today. He began his tenure at St. Peters by rescuing the church building from foreclosure, repairing and expanding it, and constructing the first parish school. However, this was only a foretaste of great things to come. With New Brunswick thriving and the Catholic population rapidly increasing, Father Rogers often traveled to surrounding towns to celebrate the sacraments. St. Peter&#39;s became the “Mother Church” of Central Jersey, with missions throughout Middlesex and Somerset Counties.</p><br>
<p>In 1853, property was purchased for a new and larger church on Somerset Street across from the campus of Rutgers College. The well-known Irish-American church architect Patrick Charles Keely was commissioned to design a new “cathedral”. The present church was built from 1854 through 1865, with the cornerstone laid upon the completion of the lower church in 1856. In 1870, a magnificent chime of bells was installed, one of only three of its kind in New Jersey, which is still played on significant feasts and other special occasions. A sorely needed sacristy was added to the church in 1891. The current marble altar and reredos were installed in 1919 (the altar was reconfigured in 1967, in accordance with the liturgical reforms of Vatican II), and the stained-glass windows were replaced in 1950. In 1999, the current electronic organ was installed. The Lyceum building, constructed in 1920, served various needs of the parish and schools until 2009.</p><br>
<p>The St. Peters Rectory is a fine example of Greek Revival architecture which was built sometime before the parish acquired the Somerset Street property. It has been the home of every pastor since Father Rogers, as well as almost 75 other priests who have served St. Peters over the past 150 years. Today, the rectory is home to the New Brunswick Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri, a community of priests and brothers who serve St. Peter&#39;s Parish, Catholic Campus Ministry at Rutgers, and other pastoral works in the Diocese of Metuchen.</p><br>
<p>The Sisters of Charity of Convent Station were invited to staff the parish school in 1867, and a convent was constructed for the sisters next to the new church. The convent was enlarged in 1897, 1922 and again in 1952, in order to provide accommodations for thirty-five sisters. Sisters of Charity and sisters from other communities continued to reside there through 2004. After significant exterior restoration and a complete interior renovation, the convent building reopened in January 2010 as the new campus ministry center for Catholic students at Rutgers University.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, a new parish school, which came to be known as Columbia Hall, was built near the original St. Peter&#39;s Hospital on Somerset Street. Next door, a new elementary school with a gymnasium was constructed in 1960, and a new high school replaced Columbia Hall in 1970. St. Peter the Apostle High School closed in 2007, amid declining enrollment. The elementary school, after merging briefly with St. Mary of Mount Virgin School, closed in 2010. The parish is currently exploring potential uses for the school buildings, which remain in serviceable condition.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Hospital, founded out of the parish in the 1860s, moved from Somerset Street to its present location on Easton Avenue in the 1920s. Since then, the hospital has been rebuilt and greatly expanded, and it currently serves as the only Catholic hospital in the Diocese of Metuchen.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the basement church with its replica Lourdes grotto was converted to a parish hall. The basement was renovated in 2010-2011 for continued use as a parish hall to be shared by the parish and campus ministry communities, and to house new parish offices in previously underutilized space. The new offices and parish hall opened in December 2011.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter the Apostle Parish celebrated its 175th anniversary in 2004. The 150th anniversary of the laying of the church&#39;s cornerstone was observed in 2006. In 2005, the Church, Rectory and Convent were placed on both the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places. Currently, a multi-phase restoration process is underway in order to preserve these beautiful buildings while also ensuring they will be safe and attractive spaces to be used by future generations of parishioners.</p><br>
<p>Today, St. Peter&#39;s Parish is an active center of Catholic life in New Brunswick, just as it has been for over 175 years and will be for generations to come.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s is recognized as having the finest historical archives in the Diocese of Metuchen.</p><br>
<p>The Simpson United Methodist Church is a historic church located at the intersection of High and Jefferson Streets in the city of Perth Amboy in Middlesex County, United States. Completed in 1867, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 6, 1979, for its significance in architecture, communication, and religion.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>Methodism began in the city when on March 26, 1772, Francis Asbury, selected by founder John Wesley, delivered the first Methodist sermon. The Methodist Episcopal Church in Perth Amboy was organized in 1836 and built a frame church in 1838. The current, larger church was started in 1866 and completed in 1867. It was designed by the architect Charles Graham with Italianate style. Since 1870, the steeple features the town clock, owned by the city.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary of Ostrabrama is a historic Polish Roman Catholic church at the junction of Jackson Street and Whitehead Avenue in South River, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1904 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the late 1800s, there was a large influx of Polish immigrants in the South River/Sayreville area – the men found work in the brickyards and the women as needle operators in the factories on Whitehead Avenue. They worshiped at the only Catholic Church in the area at that time, was Our Lady of Victories in Sayreville. However, the community wanted to build a church where they could worship God in their native tongue, provide schooling for their children and carry on the traditions of their ancestors. An appeal was first made to the Bishop of Trenton by representatives of 252 families with 445 children in 1897. But this initial appeal was rejected.</p><br>
<p>The community worked diligently through many years of negotiations with the Bishop. Finally, on November 2, 1902. Bishop McFaul approved the petition to establish a new parish and Our Lady of Ostrabrama was born. In December 1902, the Bishop assigned Father Joseph Regorowicz to be the founding pastor of St. Mary&#39;s. The first mass of the new parish was celebrated in the Bohi factory on Water Street on December 16, 1902.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1903, the permanent site of the new church, the corner of Jackson Street and Whitehead Avenue was approved. The land was purchased for the sum of $2100. Construction of the new church began a few months later. Even after working long hours, the men of the parish came out with shovels and pickaxes to help with the excavation for the church foundation.</p><br>
<p>In a little less than a year, a roof covered the basement and mass was now celebrated in the church. Additionally, the parish acquired a six-acre plot in April 1905 to serve as the parish cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Father John Supenski was the second pastor of St. Mary&#39;s. His principal task was to complete the church building which up until this point had only been at the basement level. The projected cost was $4500 plus $3000 for the stained glass windows. Bishop McFaul blessed the church on October 11, 1908.</p><br>
<p>The third pastor was Father John Pawlowski. During his administration, St. Mary&#39;s began its parochial school sessions conducted by the Felician sisters in four classrooms in the basement of the church. The white main altar was also installed during this time.</p><br>
<p>Under the fourth pastor, Father Francis Czarnecki, the church purchased its first organ. Until that time, accordions provided the music for worship and devotion. In September 1919, five lots were purchased on the corner of Jackson Street and Holmes Avenue to be used for a new school. Father John Budzink became the fifth pastor. He began construction on the new school on June 17, 1927.</p><br>
<p>On November 24, 1928, Bishop John J. McMahon assigned Father Maximilian Wujek to be the sixth pastor of St. Mary&#39;s. Father Wujek, a graduate of the Polytechnic Institute of Lwow, Poland, had thorough training in construction and was able to supervise the subsequent parish construction.</p><br>
<p>Among the many projects he oversaw during his 41-year pastorate were the construction of a convent for the Bernadine sisters in 1940, the erection of the parish CYO building in 1960 and an additional wing to the school containing a new cafeteria and four classrooms. Father Wujek was elevated to Monsignor on September 16, 1938 by Pope Pius XI. After serving St. Mary&#39;s for 41 years, Monsignor Wujek retired in June 1969.</p><br>
<p>The seventh pastor was Father Michael Kseniak who had served as an associate under Monsignor Wojek in the 1940s. Father Kseniak was responsible for many renovations to the school including carpeting the classrooms, buying new desks, enlarging the school library purchasing the visual aid equipment and renovating the whole structure. There was a disastrous fire in 1970 after which the whole building was refurbished, air conditioning was installed, the St. Annes Chapel was erected in the basement and basilica bells were installed in the tower. He also razed the house used as a rectory and built a new rectory in 1979. He became a monsignor in June 1986 and served St. Marys until February 1987.</p><br>
<p>Father Vincent Nebus was installed as the eighth pastor in March 1987. A huge project undertaken by Father Nebus was the installation of an elevator in the church. He was also faced with addressing structural deterioration in the church due to the age of the church and the damage to the roof done by the fire years earlier. Under his leadership, the mortar on the interior church was redone, most of the exterior stone was removed and replaced, the chimney on the north side of the church was taken down and repaired and all the copper fixtures, including the small bell tower and downspouts were replaced with new copper fixtures. The artistic icon of our Lady of Czestochowa was also prepared and blessed to adorn our place of honor for Our Lady. Father Nebus retired in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Reverend Robert L. Weil assumed the responsibilities of the ninth pastor in 1996. Father Bob served in this capacity for less than two years but continued the refurbishment work that needed to be done. Work on the Chapel of St. Anne was done including painting, additional lighting and window coverings. He also added the statue of St. Joseph which now adorns the upper church. Father Bob left in 1998 to become Chaplain of the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima at Washington, NJ.</p><br>
<p>The Most Reverent Bishop Vincent de Paul Breen assigned the Reverend Stanley G. Gromadzki to be the Churchs Administrator. Father Stan accepted this assignment on June 9, 1998 and was officially installed as St. Marys tenth Pastor on September 8, 1999. Fr. Stan set to work immediately to make much needed restorations in the school building. New floors were installed, the classrooms were painted and fans were bought. The school auditorium which lay idle for many years was refurbished. He also took on the work needed to restore the entire lower level of the church, including updating the Seniors Room and the Music Room. During his tenure, St. Marys celebrated its Centennial and Fr. Stan oversaw not only the planning for this celebration but also the work to ensure the church was in good shape for this milestone celebration. These are but a few of the large projects Father Stan successfully addressed at St. Marys. After 14 years at St. Marys, Rev. Stanley G. Gromadzki assumed duties as pastor at Sacred Heart Church in South Amboy on June 12, 2012.</p><br>
<p>Most Rev. Paul G. Bootkoski, fourth Bishop of Metuchen, then appointed Rev. Michael J. Gromadzki Pastor of St. Mary&#39;s Church. Rev. Michael J. Gromadzki, so it happens, is the younger brother of Rev. Stanley G. Gromadzki and they are the first two brothers within the Diocese of Metuchen.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church at Rector and Gordon Streets in Perth Amboy, Middlesex County, New Jersey. It is the oldest Episcopal parish in New Jersey and contains the oldest extant gravestone in New Jersey. The church building, built from 1849 to 1852 in Gothic style, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1977, for its significance in religion.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1680 when 12 Church of England communicants designated themselves the Congregation of St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church. They erected a church using the foundation of an abandoned courthouse. That site is not far from the current church. In 1706, Anne, Queen of Great Britain presented the parish with a set of communion silver that is still extant.</p><br>
<p>They received a royal charter in 1718 from George I of Great Britain.</p><br>
<p>The second building on the site was built in 1722 and was destroyed by a fire.</p><br>
<p>In 1770 Governor William Franklin was a vestryman in the congregation.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolution colonial soldiers built a redoubt behind the church to defend town against attacks from the British and Loyalist troops across the Arthur Kill in Staten Island.</p><br>
<p>The first black man to vote in America, Thomas Mundy Peterson, was a member of the church and was buried in the church graveyard. He voted in the Perth Amboy, New Jersey mayoral election on March 31, 1870. That was one day after adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.</p><br>
<h2>Graveyard</h2><br>
<p>Helen Gordon (1660-1687) was the wife of Thomas Gordon of Scotland; she died December 12, 1687, aged 27 years. Her tombstone is the oldest still erected in New Jersey. Her tombstone reads: "Calm was her death, well ordered her life, a pious mother and a loving wife, her offspring six, of which 4 here do lie, their souls in heaven, whers do rest on high". In 1875 her tombstone and remains were moved from a cemetery on State Street to Saint Peters Episcopal Church Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>Edward Portlock (1698)</p><br>
<p>John Brook (1704–1707)</p><br>
<p>Edward Vaughn (1709–1711, 1714–1722)</p><br>
<p>William Halliday (1711–1713)</p><br>
<p>Rev. William Skinner (1722–1758), brother of Cortlandt Skinner</p><br>
<p>Robert McKean (1763–1767)</p><br>
<p>John Preston (1769–1777)</p><br>
<p>Abraham Beach (1783–1784)</p><br>
<p>John Hamilton Rowland (1784–1787)</p><br>
<p>George Hartwell Spieren (1788–1790)</p><br>
<p>Henry Van Dyke (1791–1793)</p><br>
<p>Richard Channing Moore (1793–1803)</p><br>
<p>Jasper Davis Jones (1804–1809)</p><br>
<p>James Chapman (1809–1844)</p><br>
<p>James Hamble Leacock (1845–1848)</p><br>
<p>Horace Edgar Pratt (1849–1854)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Dr. Alexander Jones (1855–1871)</p><br>
<p>Albert Rhett Walker (1871–1877)</p><br>
<p>James Orlando Drumm (1977–1878)</p><br>
<p>Everard Patterson Miller (1879–1892)</p><br>
<p>James Leach Lancaster (1983–1914)</p><br>
<p>William Northey Jones (1914–1953)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Canon George H Boyd (1953–1976)</p><br>
<p>Rev. J. Rodney Croes (1977–2008)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Dr. Anne-Marie Jeffery (2011–2021)</p><br>
<p>St. Peters Episcopal Church is a historic church located at the corner of Main Street and DeVoe Avenue in the borough of Spotswood in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It was built in 1854 and features Gothic Revival architecture as designed by architect Frank Wills. The church complex, listed as St. Peters Church and Buildings, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1979, for its significance in architecture and religion.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic church located at 650 Rahway Avenue in Woodbridge Township of Middlesex County, New Jersey. The third church at this location, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2004, for its significance in architecture and religion.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation became active on December 29, 1703, and the first church was erected about 1717. The second church, erected on the same site in 1754, was granted a charter by King George III on December 6, 1769. It was destroyed by fire in 1858. The cornerstone of the present church was laid on July 7, 1860. The building was consecrated May 20, 1861.</p><br>
<p>The church remains active today, with regular services, as well as community involvement, including hosting Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and running a food pantry.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The church was designed by Newark architect C. Harrison Condit in the Gothic Revival style often used by architect Richard Upjohn. It is a one-story brick building laid out in a cruciform plan with a slender bell-cot and features a steeply pitched, gable, slate roof.</p><br>
<p>St. Martha&#39;s House, formerly known as the Sexton House, and the rectory, known as the Jonathan Singletary Dunham House, also contribute to this NRHP listing. The Dunham House features elaborate Flemish checker brickwork.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The churchyard contains a cemetery with graves and tombstones dating back to 1715.</p><br>
<p>St. Remy&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Russia, Ohio, United States. Built in 1890, it continues to house an active parish, and it has been recognized as a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>French-speaking Catholics began to settle in southwestern Shelby County and nearby northeastern Darke County in 1823; in their earliest years, these people were served by an itinerant priest, Father Navarron. In 1839, a parish was created for these settlers and dedicated to St. Valbert; its first building was located 3 mi northeast of Versailles. When the priests and nuns of the Society of the Precious Blood began to settle in western Ohio in the 1840s, St. Valberts became a mother church for the Society. The parish was split three ways in 1846: the members to the west of St. Valberts became part of Holy Family parish, while the members to the southeast became part of St. Remy parish; the remaining members of St. Valbert&#39;s erected a new building in the village of Versailles in 1864, at which time it was rededicated to St. Denis.</p><br>
<p>Russias first settler built his house in the village in 1853; he was followed by many more settlers by the end of the decade. Many of these early settlers had migrated from the Russian Empire; upon seeing the site for the first time in the winter, they were struck by its resemblance to the Russian steppes and named the village for their former home. The members of St. Remys constructed a church in the new village in 1854; built of logs, it was dedicated by Archbishop John Baptist Purcell on June 15, 1854. Growth soon necessitated its replacement; the resulting large brick church was built in 1869. As the parishioners continued to multiply, this structure too became insufficient for their numbers, and the third and present structure was erected in 1890.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Remy&#39;s Church is built primarily in the Romanesque Revival style of architecture, but its tower displays the Gothic Revival style. In the early 20th century, it was rated as one of the most beautiful churches in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati and one of its purest examples of Romanesque Revival architecture. The structure rests on a stone foundation with a basement. Sandblasted brick walls, which rise to multiple gables, are topped with a slate roof. The interior is lit by many stained glass windows along both sides. In 1954 and 1976, the church was extensively modified: a vestibule was added to the front, blocking the original facade, and the original altars and statues were destroyed or heavily changed.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians have classified the Precious Blood-related churches of western Ohio into four generations. The churches of the first generation, which were typically small log structures, have largely disappeared; only St. Johns Church in Fryburg to the northeast has remained without significant changes. The churches of the second generation are generally small and simple brick structures, most of the churches of the third generation are large Gothic Revival buildings with extensive ornamentation, and the churches of the fourth generation exhibit a wide range of styles, including Italianate and Romanesque Revival. Although it is primarily a Romanesque Revival structure, St. Remys falls within the period of the third generation, which includes churches built between 1885 and 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>A 1977 architectural survey ranked the churchs exterior in good condition and its interior as being endangered by modifications. In 1979, St. Remys Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its architectural significance. Thirty-two other properties, including twenty-five other churches, were listed on the National Register at the same time as part of a multiple property submission of properties in western Ohio related to the Missionaries of the Precious Blood. Among these thirty-two other buildings were two other churches and three other related buildings in western Shelby County. The tall, Gothic Revival towers featured by many of these churches have caused this region of western Ohio to be nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>Today, St. Remy is an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>The Chatillon–DeMenil Mansion, located at 3352 DeMenil Place in Benton Park, St. Louis, Missouri, was begun in 1848 for the pioneer Henry Chatillon, then enlarged to its present form by prominent St. Louis businessman Nicolas DeMenil from 1855 to 1863. The house serves as a house museum, and according to its nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, described "as being the finest example of Greek Revival architecture in the Midwest."</p><br>
<h2>Original home</h2><br>
<p>The property where the house was built was part of a five-acre tract purchased by Odile Delor Lux, a granddaughter of Clement Delor de Treget, the founder of Carondelet, Missouri. The property originally was part of the St. Louis common fields. In 1848, Lux married Henry Chatillon, who had become somewhat famous as the leader of the expedition of Francis Parkman in The Oregon Trail.</p><br>
<p>By 1849, a house stood on the property owned by Chatillons. The early house was a simple, two-story brick farmhouse with four rooms and a one-slope roof.</p><br>
<p>Regardless of Chatillon&#39;s renown, parcels of the tract were sold in 1850, and the remainder of the property (including the farmhouse) was sold in 1855. The purchaser was Nicolas DeMenil, a French physician who in October 1836 married Emilie Sophie Chouteau, the descendant of both of the founders of St. Louis. DeMenil and his wife initially purchased the house in 1856 with another family. By the beginning of the Civil War they decided to reside in it year-round, and bought out the interest of the other family. The DeMenils hired Henry Pitcher, a carpenter and contractor, to remodel and expand it in the Greek Revival Style.</p><br>
<p>The house is surrounded by numerous historic buildings, including the former Lemp and still-operating Anheuser-Busch Breweries; there are other nearby buildings of historic interest, The Lemp Mansion at 3322 Demenil Pl. is located just to the north of the house. It is also located in the Cherokee Street Antique Row.</p><br>
<h2>Renovations and expansion</h2><br>
<p>The house&#39;s western side was expanded 12 ft. This addition consisted of three stories, two porches, and possibly the carriage house. Renovations were complete by 1863. However, due to development in the surrounding area (partly financed by DeMenil himself), the view of the river was obstructed from the house, and the front entrance was moved to face 13th Street; balustrades and a porch were added to improve the appearance of the new entrance in 1879. Nicolas DeMenil died shortly after completing the new entrance; his son, Alexander DeMenil, inherited the home and lived in it until his death in 1928. A third generation of DeMenils moved into the home only to find the once bucolic surrounding of the house had become a bustling urban neighborhood, and moved in 1940.</p><br>
<h2>Paleontology, decline and renovation</h2><br>
<p>In 1940, local pharmaceutical manufacturer Lee Hess converted the home into apartments, reserving one for himself and his wife. Hess had purchased the property in part for the extensive system of caves under the property, which he opened as a tourist attraction. Newly christened by Hess as "Cherokee Cave" the caves were open to visitors until the demolition of its entrance underneath present-day Interstate 55. Due to the discovery of the remains of a peccary of the genus Platygonus, the noted paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson proceeded to move into the home, using it as a staging area for investigating the remains of prehistoric animals in the caves. The cave system had once served as the lagering cellars for the nearby Lemp Brewery in the Nineteenth Century.</p><br>
<p>By the 1950s, the home was becoming derelict, and plans for Interstate 55 called for the demolition of the home. However, a route change in 1961 permitted the home to be saved by the Landmarks Association of St. Louis. The Union Electric Company contributed to the purchase of the home and sponsored its renovation in concert with the Landmarks Association, and the Missouri Department of Transportation agreed to the plan. In summer 1964, renovations began under the authority of architect Gerhardt Kramer, and the home was dedicated the next year. The Landmarks Association created the Chatillon–DeMenil House Foundation as owner of the house, and it continues to operate the home as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Charles Geoghegan House is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1915 and is a large, -story, eight-bay, clapboard and shingle-sheathed gable-roofed residence in the Shingle Style. Also on the property is the building containing the original garage / servant&#39;s quarters.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>John Green House is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1900 and is a large, rambling -story, shingle-sheathed gable-roofed residence with gambrel-roofed side wings and a very large, five-bay rear wing. It features a wraparound, flat-roofed porch on paired fluted Doric order columns. It is representative of the Colonial Revival style. Also on the property is the building containing the original garage / servant&#39;s quarters.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>House at 200 Bay Avenue is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1890 and is a large, rambling -story, gable-roofed residence with a shingled first floor and stucco and half-timbered second floor. It is representative of the Tudor Revival style. Also on the property is the building containing the original garage / servant&#39;s quarters.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>John P. Kane Mansion, also known as High Lindens, is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1850 and is a three-story, flat roofed clapboard residence with deep overhanging eaves on massive scrollsawn brackets which frame frieze windows. It is representative of the Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The main part of this house was built in 1843 by Dr. Rheinlander. The porches and side wings were added on By the Kanes in 1850.</p><br>
<p>A. P. W. Kennan House is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1900 and is a large, -story, L-shaped, shingled, hip-roofed dwelling. It features a gable-roofed pavilion on the east side and a massive second floor Palladian window. It is representative of the Colonial Revival style. Also on the property is the building containing the original garage / servant&#39;s quarters.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The C. A. O&#39;Donohue House is a historic house located at 158 Shore Road in Huntington Bay, Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1917, and is a massive, -story, three-bay wide, shingled gable-roofed dwelling with smaller flanking three-bay wings. It features a two-story portico with colossal Doric order columns and topped by a decorative balustrade. It is representative of the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 26, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Ezra Carll Homestead is a historic home located in South Huntington, New York, in Suffolk County, New York. It is located on the northwest corner of Melville Road and Eckert Street and was built about 1700 and is a 2-story, gable-roofed, wood-shingle dwelling with a lean-to profile and second-story overhang. The oldest part of the structure is the -story, gable-roofed south wing. It has a rubblestone foundation and massive central chimney.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>John Everit House is a historic home located at Melville in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1820 and is a -story, three-bay, shingled dwelling with a -story, two-bay east wing. Also on the property are a shed, bar, and well.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the earliest houses in the historic district and has a stone foundation. By 1873 it belonged to Dr. George Conklin, who enlarged it for his medical practice. The first meeting of the Session of the Sweet Hollow Church likely met here in 1829.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Middlebush Village Historic District is a historic district located in the Village of Middlebush, an unincorporated community within Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 2007. It includes 37 contributing buildings and three contributing sites.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural styles</h2><br>
<p>The architectural styles of the district include Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Federal, Georgian, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and Italianate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1701, a group of eight people bought a tract of 10,000 acres from John Harrison in what is now Franklin Township. They divided this Harrison Tract into eight plots and then into sixteen by drawing a north-south dividing line. This line eventually became a road, the Middle Line, now called South Middlebush Road. The other main road in the district is the east-west Amwell Road, which historically connected New Brunswick to Millstone, which was then the county seat of Somerset County. By 1704, two of the sons, John and Peter, of Cornelius Wyckoff, one of the original eight buyers, had settled in the Middlebush area.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The Middlebush Reformed Church, located at the intersection of South Middlebush Road and Amwell Road, was built in 1919 to replace the original 1834 church. It is a mix of Gothic Revival and Craftsman styles.</p><br>
<p>The Voorhees House, located at 1719 Amwell Road, was built in 1793 by P. Metz in a Georgian style. It is now the Stage House Tavern. The oldest building in the district, it was used in 1834 to organized the Middlebush Reformed Church. The location also includes a contributing large, red shingle, 19th-century Dutch barn.</p><br>
<p>The Middlebush School, located at 1755 Amwell Road, was built in 1926 as an elementary school. It is now known as the Franklin Township Board of Education Building.</p><br>
<p>The house at 17 South Middlebush Road was built by John Wyckoff in a style between Greek Revival and Italianate.</p><br>
<p>The house at 53 South Middlebush Road was built and was owned by Peter Brokaw.</p><br>
<p>The railroad station site on Railroad Avenue for the former Millstone and New Brunswick Railroad. The station was built in 1860 and torn down in 1948.</p><br>
<p>The Ira C. Allen Mansion, now the Marble Mansion Inn, is a historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as the Allen-Castle House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1866 the Hon. Ira C. Allen, a former Rutland County state senator, state representative, and prominent Fair Haven businessman, purchased the property on the west side of the town Green. Allen, who had interests in real estate, banking, the railroad, marble, and slate, was a distant relative of American Revolutionary War patriot and Vermont Founding Father Ethan Allen. Allen was married to Mary E. Richardson, the niece of one of his business partners.</p><br>
<p>By 1867, Allen finished construction on the twenty-two room, 6,400 ft&sup2; French Second Empire/Italianate mansion. On January 1, 1868, Allen and his family moved into the home. The home was the first in Fair Haven to have electricity.</p><br>
<p>After he died, Allen left the mansion to his four children: Charles R., Ira R., Jessie A., and Francis. Charles R. Allen and his wife Jessie Dailey Allen lived on the property before he and his brothers sold their shares in 1889 to their sister, Jessie, for $15,000.00. In 1903 the home moved from Jessie A. Allen to George Vail, whose wife Elizabeth was a distant relative of the Allen family. The Vails then in turn sold the property to Aaron Vail Allen, Sr. and his wife Rebecca. The last Allen to live in the mansion Sherman Vail Allen, who died in 1975. Between 1975 and the present, the house changed hands multiple times alternating between being a residence and an inn. Currently, the Ira C. Allen Mansion operates as the Marble Mansion Inn.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Ira C. Allen Mansion is an example of the French Second Empire and Italianate architectural style. The exterior is made from numbered white marble blocks. An Italianate porch and porte cochere encircles the main house. The wood trim is painted white. The mansion has a mansard roof and a belvedere. Also on the property is a pump house. The mansion was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 24, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Austin Town Hall Park is a park at 5610 W. Lake Street in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The site was formerly used for the town hall of Cicero Township. The Austin subdivision of Cicero was annexed to the City of Chicago in 1899, and the town hall site eventually became part of the Chicago Park District. The parks fieldhouse, designed by Michaelsen and Rognstad in the 1920s, is influenced largely by Philadelphias Independence Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Town Hall Park Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Louisville Free Public Library&#39;s Western Branch or Western Library is a public library in Louisville, Kentucky. It is a Carnegie library and is the first public library built for African Americans staffed entirely by African Americans. Previously known as Louisville Free Public Library, Western Colored Branch, and registered as a historic site in that name, it is a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library system. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Western Colored Branch library first opened in September 1905 and was originally located at 1125 West Chestnut Street. At the time it was common for black libraries to be housed in rented or converted private facilities; when the Western Colored Branch first opened it was operated in three rented rooms in a private home.</p><br>
<p>Albert Ernest Meyzeek, principal of Central High School at the time, was concerned about the lack of adequate reading and reference materials at the school. He challenged the 1902 legislation that created the Louisville Free Public Library system, on the basis that it did not adequately serve African Americans, and persuaded the city council to open a branch to fill this need. Meyzeek later pushed for a second black library, the Eastern Colored Branch (which opened in 1914).</p><br>
<h3>Carnegie&#39;s involvement</h3><br>
<p>In 1908, industrialist Andrew Carnegie donated funds to build a new library building. As a result, the Western Colored Branch became the first public library for African Americans in the American South that was housed in a Carnegie-funded facility. The new library building was designed by McDonald & Dodd.</p><br>
<p>The building is 75x45 ft in plan, and is built of brick with stone trim.</p><br>
<p>The library was well received by the community. It marked a new level of civic engagement by "the emerging, turn-of-the-century, southern black middle class" which was determined to "build positive community infrastructures for purposes of racial uplift."</p><br>
<h3>Early success (1910s-1930s)</h3><br>
<p>Several prominent African-American librarians worked in the Western Branch and assisted in education and outreach programs for the local black community. Of particular note are Reverend Thomas Fountain Blue, who served as the administrative head of the Western and Eastern Colored Branches as well as Rachel Davis Harris, who served as the childrens library specialist and chief assistant. Blue and Harris were influential in providing services to Louisvilles African American community during the Jim Crow era. In 1917, about 12,000 people attended 498 meetings at both branches.</p><br>
<p>The two branches (Western and Eastern) became community social centers and regional models for other libraries like it. The library included a Children&#39;s Department, which developed story time, debates, and special events. The library also held an annual spelling bee with Cup winners and cash rewards sponsored by Joseph S. Cotter Sr., a local black educator. The prominent Douglass Debate Club for high school boys, which argued civil rights topics, studied and cooperated with this branch.</p><br>
<p>The library also helped set up forty classroom collections at eleven African American city and county schools. By 1935 this had expanded to eighty classroom collections as well as library services administered at two junior high schools and the development of 15 deposit stations. From 1912 to 1931, Blue also organized and held an apprenticeship librarian class, which was the "only opportunity for formal training for prospective black librarians" until the Hampton Library School was opened in 1925 in Virginia.</p><br>
<h3>Recent developments</h3><br>
<p>The library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Today, the library is home to the African-American Archives, a collection of great historical documents and resources focusing on African-American narratives and experiences. Also within the Archives are documents belonging to Reverend Blue and Joseph S. Cotter Sr., as well as his son, the poet Joseph Cotter Jr.</p><br>
<p>The Kenton Public Library is a historic building in downtown Kenton, Ohio, United States. One of 109 Carnegie libraries in Ohio, it was designed in 1905 by the architectural firm of Richards, McCarty and Bulford; Carnegie donated $20,000 to aid in its construction. An attempt to start a library in Kenton began in 1853, but over thirty years passed before one was actually begun. From 1886 to the opening of the Carnegie library, the library was housed in a business block on the city&#39;s central square. The library building is a one-and-one-half-story brick structure. An elevated foundation supports the rectangular structure, which is accessed from the street by a staircase.</p><br>
<p>With the opening of the library to all Hardin County residents in 1936 and the expansion of the city in general, the old facility had become too small for its patrons by the 1960s. After successful fundraising efforts and negotiations with the city school board, the old high school (previously superseded by the present high school building) was purchased and demolished, and the new library opened at the site. Today, the Carnegie library is occupied by a dentistry practice, Kenton Dental Care, and local residents are served by the Mary Lou Johnson Library.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the Kenton Public Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its place as an example of library building in Ohio, its connection to Andrew Carnegie, and its well-preserved architecture.</p><br>
<p>Whitman-Place House is a historic home located at West Hills in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1810 and is a -story, three-bay shingled residence which was greatly enlarged with a -story, three-bay south wing built in the 20th century. Also on the property is an early-19th-century barn and springhouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Halsey Estate-Tallwood is a historic home located at West Hills in Suffolk County, New York, known locally as "Tallwood" but more formally known as the "Halsey Estate". It was built in 1925 and is a symmetrically arranged, 22-bay shingled residence with a central block and a series of either gable or gambrel roofs and varies in height from stories to stories. The central -story block is five bays wide and has a gambrel roof. It is representative of the Colonial Revival style. Its builder, Richard Townley Haines Halsey, was a partner in Teff, Halsey and Company, brokers, and W. J. Sloane Company. It has been used since the 1970s as a children&#39;s day camp.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Memphis Parkway System  is a system of parkways that formed the original outer beltway around Memphis, Tennessee. They consist of South Parkway, East Parkway, and North Parkway. Designed by George Kessler, the Parkway System connects Martin Luther King Jr. Riverside Park with Overton Park. The system was put on the National Register of Historic Places on July 3, 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In response to the yellow fever epidemic and in an attempt to revitalize Memphis, the citys leaders decided to improve the citys infrastructure, including improving sewer systems, creating public utilities, and creating a system of parks connected by a system of boulevards. Starting in 1897, several areas of land were annexed into the city, along with the areas that now comprise the parks mentioned above. These lands were purchased in 1901. In that same year, the city selected George Kessler to lay out this new plan. Planning and construction of the Lea&#39;s Woods tract of land (now known as Overton Park) was started in 1902 and completed in the same year. The development and construction of Wilderberger Farm (now known as Martin Luther King Jr. Riverside Park) started in the same year, but finished a year later in 1903.</p><br>
<p>The development and construction of what is now known as the Parkway System started in 1904. The project had been delayed due to a lawsuit stating the government was using its power of eminent domain incorrectly, but the Tennessee Supreme Court found in favor of the city. Instead of a winding system of meandering parkways, Kessler decided to create a rectangular border around the city of Memphis using some existing streets.South Parkway and East Parkway (originally Trezevant Street) were constructed first. North Parkway was originally known as Summer Avenue (the name still carried by the route as it continues east from the intersection of North and East Parkways). North Parkway was also known as Speedway. Kessler originally designed parts of the Parkway System to be straight portions of tree-lined avenues where car and carriage owners could race against each other. However, the city of Memphis ended this practice in 1910 and imposed a speed limit on the entire system. Today, the road&#39;s racing past can still be seen in the name of the Speedway Terrace Historical District along North Parkway near Watkins Street.</p><br>
<p>The entire parkway system was completed in 1906. After its completion, residential development along its route increased. Many cities in Tennessee used Memphis park and parkway system as a model for their own urban planning. The Parkway System roughly marked the citys boundaries for many years to come and is still an important corridor in the city of Memphis.</p><br>
<h2>Route Description</h2><br>
<p>Moving in a counter-clockwise direction from the southwest corner, the Parkway System starts at Martin Luther King Jr. Riverside Park. It crosses Interstate 55 next to the park and continues east. This portion, known as South Parkway West, is a four-lane undivided road through an industrial area with no boulevard median or landscaping. After crossing Interstate 240/Interstate 69, the section known as South Parkway East becomes divided with a wooded boulevard median, like the majority of the parkways.</p><br>
<p>South Parkway, after passing USA Highway 78 (Lamar Avenue), turns into East Parkway South. Temporarily, the route&#39;s name reverts to South Parkway East, as it turns eastbound and intersects with South Cooper St. and East McLemore Avenue. South Parkway East becomes East Parkway South once again at its intersection with Airways Boulevard and Spottswood Avenue. It also picks up the designation of State Route 277. East Parkway South continues north until it crosses under Union Avenue and (two blocks later) becomes East Parkway North. At this point, it picks up USA Highway 64, USA Highway 70, USA Highway 79, and USA Highway 72, in addition to keeping the SR 277 designation. When it passes Poplar Avenue, Hwy 72 goes to the east, but it picks up the State Route 57 designation. At this point, it passes to the east of Overton Park and intersects with Sam Cooper Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>When East Parkway meets North Parkway, it loses all of the above-mentioned USA highways to the east (Summer Avenue) and the state highways to the north (Trezevant Street). However North Parkway picks up the State Route 1 designation and is one of the only sections in the state to have this route signed. North Parkway continues west, crosses Interstate 40, and ends at USA Highway 51/State Route 3/State Route 14 (Danny Thomas Boulevard). The road continues west as A.W. Willis Avenue, crossing the Wolf River Harbor, and ending on Mud Island.</p><br>
<p>Except for the South Parkway West section, the entire system is divided by a large median containing several trees, most of them very large and mature, and sections of flowered landscaping. South Parkway has two lanes in each direction and bike/parking lanes along portions of it. East Parkways has three lanes in each direction (except for when the routes pass under other roadways, in which case each direction narrows to two lanes, and the four northbound lanes of East Parkway between Poplar and Sam Cooper). North Parkway had 3 lanes in each direction until the mid 2010s when bike/parking lanes were added between Manassas and West Drive. The entire system has a forty-mile-per-hour speed limit.</p><br>
<h2>Landmarks</h2><br>
<p>Below is a list of landmarks within close proximity of the parkways.</p><br>
<p>South Parkway Section</p><br>
<p>President&#39;s Island / McKellar Lake</p><br>
<p>M.L.K. Riverside Park</p><br>
<p>East Parkway Section</p><br>
<p>Cooper-Young, Memphis</p><br>
<p>Christian Brothers University</p><br>
<p>Children&#39;s Museum of Memphis</p><br>
<p>Mid-South Coliseum</p><br>
<p>Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium</p><br>
<p>Memphis Theological Seminary</p><br>
<p>Memphis Brooks Museum of Art</p><br>
<p>Overton Park</p><br>
<p>North Parkway Section</p><br>
<p>Memphis Zoo</p><br>
<p>Rhodes College</p><br>
<p>St. Jude Children&#39;s Research Hospital</p><br>
<p>Pyramid Arena</p><br>
<p>Suydam House  is a historic home in Centerport in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1730 and is a rectangular, five-bay, -story saltbox type building with a one-story wing. It features a steeply pitched, asymmetrical gable roof, pierced by a brick chimney.</p><br>
<p>The house is on Suffolk County Parkland on the southeast corner of Suffolk County Road 86 and New York State Route 25A, across from the southern terminus of Little Neck Road. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Greenlawn-Centerport Historical Association has restored the house and operates it as a historic house museum. Of particular note are the unusual windows, both six panes over three, and four panes over two.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination from 1988 asserts:The Suydam house is architecturally and historically significant as a distinguished, largely extant example of settlement period domestic architecture on Long Island that recalls the early growth of the town of Huntington. Built circa 1730, this New England style saltbox (with eighteenth century wing) is one of the oldest remaining houses in the village of Centerport. It is similar in plan, construction and design to many settlement period dwellings in Huntington (Town) such as the John Wood House (circa 1704) and the Ireland-Gardiner Farm (circa 1750). Like these and other seventeenth and eighteenth century dwellings in the Huntington (Town) Multiple Resource area, the building exhibits characteristic architectural features of early construction practices on Long Island, including heavy hewn timber framing, original wrought-iron hardware, and an overall lack of decorative ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>Marion Carll Farm is a historic home and property located in Commack, Suffolk County, New York. It consists of the 1860 farmhouse, privy, garage, smokehouse, milk house, horse barn/carriage house, sheep barn, and four smaller barns. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Marion Carll was a schoolteacher who moved onto the property in 1885. She also served as Commacks Districts Treasurer and Census Taker.</p><br>
<p>When Marion Carll died in 1968, she willed to the Commack School District to be used as a historical museum for educational purposes. However, the property was not maintained and fell into disrepair. In 2012, several of Carll&#39;s heirs filed a lawsuit to have the farm returned to them due to the lack of maintenance and state of disrepair of the property. However, this lawsuit was dismissed in 2017.</p><br>
<p>In 2019, the Commack School District announced that they would be leasing part of the farm to Long Island University for a veterinary school and that it would be using the funding from the lease to restore the farm. Despite this announcement, some local activists remain unconvinced that enough funding will be raised to be able to accomplish a proper restoration. Long Island University signed a 10-year lease and intends to raise grazing animals on 6 acres of the property for students to practice clinical skills on.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Lloyd Manor house is a historical site and Literary Landmark located in Lloyd Harbor, Suffolk County New York. The house was built between 1766 and 1767 on the Manor of Queens Village, a 3,000-acre provisioning plantation established in the late 17th century on the ancestral lands of the Matinecock Nation. The entire estate encompassed all of what is known today as Lloyd Neck. The house was built for Joseph Lloyd  and remained in the Lloyd family for a century before being sold in 1876. It is most significant today for being where Jupiter Hammon , the first published Black American poet, was enslaved by the Lloyd family and authored his best-known works. Today, Joseph Lloyd Manor is owned by Preservation Long Island and is used to educate the public about Long Islands colonial and early national history, the regions history of enslavement, and the legacy of Jupiter Hammon.</p><br>
<h2>History of ownership</h2><br>
<p>The construction of Joseph Lloyd Manor house was commissioned by Joseph Lloyd, the third son of Henry Lloyd I (1685–1763) and Rebecca Nelson Lloyd (1688–1728). Henry Lloyd was a Boston and Newport merchant and the second lord of the Manor of Queens Village. In 1711, he had the first manor house built on Lloyd Neck where Joseph Lloyd and Jupiter Hammon were born. When Henry died in 1763, the entire manorial estate was subdivided among his four surviving sons and the 1711 house passed to Henry Lloyd II (1709–1795), who encouraged Joseph to build a house suitable to his wealth and status. In the aftermath of the Battle of Long Island in 1776, British soldiers occupied the entirety of Lloyd Neck, including Joseph Lloyd Manor. While in exile in Connecticut, Joseph took his own life. Unmarried and without children, he bequeathed his entire estate to his nephew, John Lloyd II (1745–1792), who found the house and land severely damaged after the war. Following Johns death in 1792, his widow, Amelia, served as administrator of the estate until the final disposition was completed in 1809 when their son, John Nelson Lloyd (1783–1841), inherited the property. John Nelson Lloyds son, Henry Lloyd IV (1822–1892), would be the last member of the Lloyd family to own Joseph Lloyd Manor. He struggled financially, and in 1876, sold the house to James C. Townsend of Oyster Bay to pay off debts. In 1882, Anne Coleman Alden (1818–1896) purchased the house following the construction of Fort Hill House, her summer residence on Lloyd Neck. Aldens estate, including Joseph Lloyd Manor, was then sold in 1900 to William John Matheson. He occupied Fort Hill House while his daughter Anna and her husband Willis D. Wood moved into Joseph Lloyd Manor in 1905. The Woods made it their summer home until they moved to Fort Hill House after Mr. Mathesons death in 1930. Mrs. Wood subsequently rented the Joseph Lloyd Manor house to a number of tenants, among them Charles Lindbergh, who lived there with his family from February 1940 until August 1941. Finally, Mrs. Anna Matheson Wood gifted Joseph Lloyd Manor to the Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities in 1968. Today, the Society is known as Preservation Long Island and continues to steward the house.</p><br>
<h2>Building and architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The Joseph Lloyd Manor is situated on a hill on the south side of Lloyd Neck facing what was then Horse Neck Harbor, today Lloyd Harbor. In 1765, Joseph Lloyd commissioned Abner Osborne, a Connecticut carpenter, to build the windows, shingles, interior architectural finishes, and the courtyard around the house. The structure&#39;s symmetry and balanced design reflect the simple elegance of high-style, Pre-Revolutionary architecture. The façade features five bays: a central front door with two, symmetrically spaced windows on either side. The front door is flanked by fluted pilasters with a segmental pediment above. The second floor also features a bay of five windows that correspond with the four windows and door below. When originally constructed, the house design included an uncovered wooden stoop and two symmetrical central chimneys.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior continues the sophisticated style of the exterior. Builder Abner Osborne&#39;s craftsmanship is illustrated by the formal woodwork and decorated fireplaces. The entrance features a central hallway with fielded paneling and a grand staircase with a mahogany banister and finely-turned balusters. The front central hallway opens up to four large rooms, two on either side. The rooms served multiple functions from business to formal entertaining. A kitchen with a large fireplace is located in the back of the first floor, accessible by a rear service entrance and staircase that was used by the many people the Lloyds enslaved. Lesser quality materials and finishes demarcate the front public spaces and the rear work areas of the house. The front hallway on the second floor mimics the layout of the floor below, with living quarters for the family in the front and a likely enslaved quarter in the back that directly connects to the rear staircase.</p><br>
<h3>Alterations and restorations</h3><br>
<p>Major and minor renovations have been made to Joseph Lloyd Manor since its original construction between 1766 and 1767, but its 18th-century core remains intact. When John Lloyd II returned to Lloyd Neck following the evacuation of New York by the British, he updated interior architectural features that were likely damaged during the British occupation of the house. It is possible that his son, John Nelson Lloyd, changed the front door to the Greek Revival-style one that survives today and added a large porch. An 1884 print of Joseph Lloyd Manor depicting Victorian-era gables indicates that a major renovation occurred during the middle of the 19th century. No further major alterations took place until 1908 when Anna Matheson Wood lived in the house. She added modern plumbing, heating, and electrical systems, and altered the floorplan by converting a closet and two small bedrooms into bathrooms and adding a large service wing off the kitchen. On the exterior front, Mrs. Wood replaced the Victorian-era gables with three Colonial Revival gabled dormers and removed the porch. She also added a portico off the side leading to a garden enclosed with low brick walls. When the Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities (today Preservation Long Island) acquired the house, the organization embarked on a major preservation and restoration campaign to transform Anna Matheson Woods Colonial Revival-style country house into a historic house museum. The Society reconstructed the Greek-Revival porch, removed Mrs. Woods modern kitchen, and commissioned a series of architectural and paint analyses to bring the appearance of the interior back to the late 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>Slavery</h2><br>
<p>Slavery in New York dates back to 17th-century New Netherland and was essential to the social and economic development and growth of the region. Since the 1670s, the Lloyd family participated in the slave trade, relying on enslaved laborers to make their land on Lloyd Neck profitable. Both the 1711 Henry Lloyd Manor house and the Joseph Lloyd Manor house were designed to accommodate the presence of enslaved people. At Joseph Lloyd Manor, enslaved families likely slept in the basement, attic, and a small, centrally located room on the second floor. Although the Lloyds and the people they enslaved lived under the same roof, a back staircase and rear passageways segregated the worlds of the enslavers and the enslaved. According to the 1790 United States Census, 15 people were enslaved across the Manor of Queens Village, making the Lloyds among the largest enslavers in what was then considered part of the Town of Oyster Bay in Queens County. In the 1793 inventory of John Lloyd II&#39;s estate, eight enslaved people are listed among his property at Joseph Lloyd Manor: John Potter, Judith Potter, Hannah, Boston, Benjamin, Samuel, Edward, Sarah, and Jupiter Hammon. The people the Lloyd family enslaved would form the basis of a resilient Black community that developed around Lloyd Neck.</p><br>
<h3>Jupiter Hammon</h3><br>
<p>As the first published Black American poet, Jupiter Hammon is the most notable of the people enslaved at the Manor of Queens Village, surviving three generations of enslavement by the Lloyd family. Jupiter was born into slavery on October 17, 1711, in the Henry Lloyd Manor house. Following Henry Lloyd Is death in 1763, Hammon was enslaved by Joseph Lloyd who subsequently bequeathed his entire estate, including Jupiter Hammon, to his nephew John Lloyd II in 1780. Hammon is believed to have been the son of Rose and Obium, a couple enslaved on Lloyd Neck. Obium was born into slavery at Sylvester Manor on Shelter Island and was the son of an African-born couple, Tammero and Oyou. From his father, Hammon inherited a Book of Psalms. With the encouragement of the Lloyd family, Hammon learned to read and write and at the age of 49, authored his first published poem, "An Evening Thought, Salvation by Christ with Penitential Cries", in 1760. During his lifetime, Hammon authored numerous essays and poems that reflect his intelligence, deep Christian faith, and views concerning the social and moral conflicts of slavery and freedom in the early United States. While enslaved at Joseph Lloyd Manor, Hammon penned his two most significant works in 1786: "An Address to the Negroes in the State of New-York" and the unpublished "An Essay on Slavery". Although Hammon expressed reluctance about his personal freedom, he was likely freed after the death of John Lloyd II in 1792. Following manumission, the 1800 census places Hammon in a home in Huntington Village with his grandnephew, Benjamin Hammond, and Benjamins wife, Phoebe. Jupiter probably supported the family with income from an orchard planted for him before the Revolutionary War. Following Jupiter&#39;s death sometime before 1806, Benjamin, who did not inherit the orchard or any of its proceeds, fell into poverty and was forced to sell the house.</p><br>
<h2>The Revolutionary War</h2><br>
<p>Following victory at the Battle of Long Island, the British army established its headquarters in Manhattan and expanded eastward with the construction of fortifications on Long Island. Fort Franklin was built on the western side of Lloyd Neck, anchoring the British presence in Suffolk County and providing protection from American soldiers garrisoned across the Sound in Connecticut. In addition to providing camp and provisions for troops, Fort Franklin served as a connection point between British forces stationed in Manhattan and eastern Long Island. Nearly 800 Loyalist garrisons occupied Lloyd Neck between 1776 and 1783, causing Patriots Joseph Lloyd and John Lloyd II to flee to Connecticut with Jupiter Hammon. The manor house was likely used to quarter British officers and soldiers, and woodcutters chopped down almost three-quarters of the timber on the property. While in exile in Hartford, Joseph Lloyd committed suicide in 1780 and his nephew, John Lloyd II, inherited his entire estate. Following the war, Jupiter Hammon and John Lloyd II returned to a manor house severely damaged by wartime occupation.</p><br>
<h2>The Joseph Lloyd Manor House today</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Lloyd Manor opened to the public in May 1982. Today, Preservation Long Island offers tours and programs to educate students and the public about the historical significance of the site, Jupiter Hammons story, and Long Islands history of enslavement. The house is currently interpreted to the post-Revolutionary period and is furnished according to the 1793 estate inventory of Joseph Lloyds nephew, John Lloyd II. On October 17, 2020, United for Libraries designated Joseph Lloyd Manor a Literary Landmark in honor of Jupiter Hammon. Preservation Long Island is continuing to work with community stakeholders to research and interpret the stories of the enslaved at Joseph Lloyd Manor while confronting the regions legacy of slavery through the ongoing Jupiter Hammon Project.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Homer Davis House is a historic house located at 381 West Neck Road in Lloyd Harbor, Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<p>Once owned by pop star Taylor Dayne (Dayne of Thrones)</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1869 and designed by Charles Homer Davis, it is a clapboard-sided, three-bay wide, double-pile, -story Second Empire–style house. It features a truncated tower on its south side, a porch that spans the ground floor on the front side and a mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 22, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Fort Hill Estate is a historic estate located at Lloyd Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. The estate home is a monumental brick and limestone Tudor Revival style structure built as a summer home in 1879, and enlarged in 1900. It is a three-story mansion with an irregular, asymmetrical and sprawling plan which is roughly C-shaped. It features a conical tower built as part of the original structure, designed by McKim, Mead, and White. Also on the estate are a formal garden, a water tower, a superintendent&#39;s house, two garages, and a cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Wallace K. Harrison Estate is a historic estate located at West Hills in Suffolk County, New York, the home of architect Wallace K. Harrison of the New York firm Harrison & Abramovitz. The estate home is a rambling, one story flat roofed concrete main house with a two-story circular living room near the center. It was built in 1929 in the International style. Also on the estate are a garage, two guest cottages, a studio, and a circular swimming pool. The property was purchased by Harrison and his wife in the early 1930s. Harrison bought a prefabricated house for $1000, the Aluminaire House, designed by A. Lawrence Kocher and Albert Frey for the Architectural League Show of 1931 in New York. He also embarked on the main house, which was initially built as a wing to what was called the "Tin House." As the complex grew the Tin House was relocated and became a guest cottage.</p><br>
<p>The estate was sold by the Harrisons in 1974 to Hester Diamond, who placed the estate on the National Register of Historic Places. Subsequent owners placed the house for sale amid concerns about potential demolition, but the house was restored by the buyers, with guidance from architects SchappacherWhite. The Aluminaire House was disassembled and acquired by the New York Institute of Technology campus at Central Islip, which reassembled it. The property is to be transferred to a trust dedicated to its maintenance.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Cold Spring Harbor Library & Environmental Center is located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. It was founded as the Cold Spring Harbor Village Improvement Society in 1899. However, the library, consisting of a small collection of books, was first organized in 1886 and was housed at the Cutting House, 241 Harbor Road, Cold Spring Harbor. This building was located across the street from the local gristmill and the first librarian was the miller&#39;s wife, Mrs. Peter Waters. This building is now owned by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1890s, the library was run by the operator of the local telegraph office, Annie Wright. It is not clear exactly where the library was located during this time period, but it is thought to have been housed at the Jones & Hewlett store, next to the mill. This building, 222 Harbor Road, is now also owned by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1890s, the library was moved to Thespian Hall, a local venue for theatrical performances, lectures, and political meetings, located at the northeast corner of Harbor Road and Terrace Place. In 1896, this building became the Phoenix Fire Engine Company.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, the library moved to a more populated area near the intersection of Main Street and Shore Road. This was a small building which also served as the post office and telegraph office. It is now home to the Cold Spring Harbor Barbershop. Several years later, the library&#39;s collection of books were moved to what is now 117 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the Cold Spring Harbor Village Improvement Society was formed and in May 1899, adopted the Library as one of its activities. By this point in time, the library needed a larger and permanent building. Community donations made possible the construction of a building in 1913 which overlooked the harbor from the corner of Shore Road and Main Street in Cold Spring Harbor. It is a handsome, one story five bay brick building with a hipped roof in the Classical Revival style. It featured a decorative octagonal cupola atop the roof and the entrance had a pedimented portico supported by Doric order columns.</p><br>
<p>The library outgrew this space after about 60 years. The trustees of the library sold the building to the Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities (Now known as Preservation Long Island) after which they rented a 7,000 ft&sup2; space from the Cold Spring Harbor School District in the East Side School building on Goose Hill Road. In 1999, the school district decided not to renew the lease.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, the library entered into an agreement with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for a long-term lease of five-acres of the newly created Cold Spring Harbor State Park. On August 9, 2006, the library moved into its current home at 95 Harbor Road, Cold Spring Harbor.</p><br>
<p>Defer Elementary School is a school building located at 15425 Kercheval in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan in Metro Detroit. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1996</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the first two decades of the 20th century, the once predominantly rural Grosse Pointe area transformed into a residential suburb of Detroit. In 1921, in response to the influx of families, five school districts in what is now the Grosse Pointe area were consolidated into Rural Agricultural District No. 1 (later renamed the Grosse Pointe Public School District). The first building constructed after consolidation was Defer Elementary School, built on the site of a rhubarb patch owned by Ludwig Meininger. Defer was designed by architect George J. Haas and completed in 1924. The school was named for George Defer, who was at the time the president of Grosse Pointe Park. At the time of construction, the surrounding neighborhoods were quickly growing, and by 1927 the school was overcrowded. An addition to the school was constructed in 1928.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Defer Elementary School is a three-story rectangular building built in the Tudor Revival style. This revival style was popular in Detroit and across the country in the years following World War I, and is symbolic of the prosperity of the era. The exterior is of brick with limestone detailing surrounding doors and windows. The doors are wood panelled with Gothic arches. The interior is decorated with Pewabic tile; in particular the kindergarten room contains a Pewabic fireplace and drinking fountain. The 1928 addition contains additional classrooms and a leaded glass conservatory.</p><br>
<h2>Modern use and feeder pattern</h2><br>
<p>Defer Elementary School is still used by the Grosse Pointe Public School District as an elementary school, and is the oldest building in the district. Typical enrollment was 465 students, but as of 2010 that number had dropped to approximately 420.</p><br>
<p>Residents zoned to Defer are also zoned to Pierce Middle School in Grosse Pointe Park and Grosse Pointe South High School in Grosse Pointe Farms.</p><br>
<p>Northport Public Library is a historic library building located at Northport in Suffolk County, New York. It was designed and built in 1914, with funds provided by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It is one of 3,000 such libraries constructed between 1885 and 1919, and one of 107 in New York State. Carnegie provided $10,000 toward the construction of the Northport library. It is a small masonry structure in the Jacobethan Revival style. It consists of a primary gable front section housing the stacks and reading room, and a secondary side gable wing containing the entrance vestibule and staircase. It features a slate roof and barrel vaulted reading room. It was expanded in 1958.</p><br>
<p>The building functioned as a library until 1967; in 1974 it became home to the Northport Historical Society Museum. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Dowden Tannery is a historic tannery building located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1840 and is a three bay, two story brick structure coated in stucco. Two, one story gable roofed side additions were built in the early 20th century. The tannery is located in a residential area southeast of Woodbury Road, and east of Cold Spring Harbor Railroad Station. Long Island Rail Road&#39;s Port Jefferson Branch runs behind the building, which is accessible only from a diagonal driveway leading from above the embankment of West Rogues Path.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Cold Spring Harbor Fire District Hook and Ladder Company Building is a historic fire station located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1880 as a harness shop and adapted in 1896 to house the equipment of the newly formed Cold Spring Harbor fire department. It is a one-story, wood-framed building with a gable roof. It was moved to the rear of the lot on which it is located in 1930.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Van Wyck-Lefferts Tide Mill is a historic tide mill located at Lloyd Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1793 and is a -story, gable-roofed, timber-framed rectangular building little altered since the early 19th century. The property also includes the earthen mill dam with sluice gates. The Lefferts Tide Mill and Preserve, which owns the mill, partners with the Huntington Historical Soceiety, offers boat tours to the site and tours of the Tide Mill from May through October.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Goose Hill Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 11 contributing buildings. It is a small agrarian enclave situated along both sides of a narrow, winding road. The dwellings date from the late 18th to mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Harbor Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 18 contributing residential buildings. The majority of the residences represent the village&#39;s earliest settlement. It also contains four residences from the mid-19th century when the village was a major whaling port.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Main Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 32 contributing buildings. The majority of the buildings were built between 1855 and 1890. It encompasses the village&#39;s historic core and charts its development from a major whaling port to a summer resort community.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
